The European Commission is developing a certification mechanism for nature-based (NBS) and technology-based carbon removal solutions (TBS). To support its development, this report reviews twelve existing NBS and TBS regarding their potential to remove carbon and their suitability for deployment within Europe. Each solution is described with their maturity, estimates of carbon removal potential (tCO2-e), costs, practical challenges and permanence aspects. By documenting different key characteristics the report supports the development of a robust and effective system to incentivise uptake of carbon removals within Europe.
This report is published alongside a second, related report, “Certification of carbon removals - Part 2: A review of carbon removal certification mechanisms and methodologies”.